It really depends on what direction you go in. You can:
- Run it like any SBC.
They may intakes to fit carbs and I believe even ones that adapt a distributor. Though a carb plus an 'ignition module" tucked into the intake area is pretty popular. You can adapt all senor points for stock 'old school' gauges, or your new ones. Any sensors that an ECU would need or care about can be forgotten.
-Run it like it came.
This is my favorite. When I bought the engine I had them pull the original ECU and engine wiring harness. I reference it somewhere in this thread, but if you get a separate fuse block, you can power the new and swap harness to make a stand alone set up. The harness only needs about 6 wires for always hot, IGN +, GND, etc. Additional sensors can be added for gauges, so the gauges don't always need to talk to the ECU. You can also strip the harness down (like I did) of all systems you aren't using. Any 'extraneous emissions', A/C, etc can be taken out. LS1tech has a LOT of stickies in their swap section on what is needed and where it goes in the harness.
-A little from Column A and little from Column B
This is probably the best if you're not into wiring and have the extra money. You can buy stand alone harnesses (what was made in Option 2) that can come with or without an ECU. Some can even be custom configured if you have some odd-ball request. You can also buy these with extended looms so you can but the new fuse box and ECU somewhere else out of the engine bay. GM even makes these that give everything you'd need to get it going, including a drive-by-wire pedal if you had an electric throttle body. Mine's cable. Prices (when I looked over 5 years ago) were ~$400 to $1500, depending on shop and accessories.
-The simplest, but the worst
You could also get an aftermarket FI system like the ones you can get for SBCs. These are brainless to install, but have the most drawbacks. They're typically expensive, they aren't as adaptable as the FI that came on the engine, you're locked into them as a tuner, they're typically TBI, not port injection (not always), which isn't as efficient as a design. I think these are fine for an OG carbed SBC/BBC, but seems like such a backwards step for an LSx.
I feel Options 2 and 3 are the best. If I did it all over again, I'd probably do Option 3 over 2. Simply because they're brand new tested harnesses. My hardness was nearly a decade old when I got it. Now its 20. How much longer is the wiring going to last before it's a danger? Now if I finished the swap on time, it wouldn't have been a concern! With that said, if you use the stock harness or use a stock length, the fuse block and ECU are best in the engine bay. I have mine near the heater box, mounted on the fender. I know others have mounted them under the dash or in the passenger behind-the-seat storage box with either bought or self-made extended looms.